Module 1: Introduction to Confined Spaces

• Definition of a confined space (OSHA 1910.146, ISO 45001)
• Examples: tanks, silos, manholes, tunnels, pipelines
• Differences between confined spaces and permit-required confined spaces

Module 2: Hazards of Confined Spaces

• Atmospheric hazards: oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, flammable vapors
• Physical hazards: engulfment, entrapment, mechanical hazards
• Environmental and psychological hazards

Module 3: Legal and Regulatory Requirements

• OSHA and international confined space entry standards
• Employer and employee legal obligations
• Permit-required confined space (PRCS) compliance

Module 4: Risk Assessment and Hazard Identification

• Identifying confined spaces in the workplace
• Pre-entry hazard assessment process
• Using risk matrices and job safety analysis (JSA)

Module 5: Entry Permit System

• Purpose and components of an entry permit
• Roles of the entry supervisor, attendant, and authorized entrant
• Permit issuance, validity, and cancellation procedures

Module 6: Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring

• Gas detection equipment and calibration
• Testing for oxygen, flammable gases, and toxic substances
• Continuous monitoring and interpretation of readings

Module 7: Ventilation and Purging Methods

• Mechanical and natural ventilation techniques
• Inert gas purging and dilution ventilation
• Ensuring safe atmosphere before and during entry

Module 8: Isolation and Energy Control

• Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) before entry
• Blocking, blinding, and double isolation methods
• Preventing introduction of hazardous materials or energy

Module 9: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Respiratory protection, harnesses, and retrieval systems
• Chemical-resistant clothing and gloves
• Communication devices and lighting

Module 10: Emergency Response and Rescue Planning

• Types of confined space rescues (self, non-entry, entry rescue)
• Rescue team training and equipment
• Coordination with external emergency services

Module 11: Roles, Responsibilities, and Communication

• Duties of entrant, attendant, and supervisor
• Maintaining constant communication and monitoring
• Coordination between multiple contractors

Module 12: Training, Documentation, and Continuous Improvement

• Training frequency and refresher requirements
• Recordkeeping and audit requirements
• Reviewing incidents and improving confined space programs